{"id":3469,"date":"2022-09-05T20:58:11","date_gmt":"2022-09-05T20:58:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sensorialsunsets.com\/usted-vos-and-tu-in-costa-rica\/"},"modified":"2022-09-05T22:24:15","modified_gmt":"2022-09-05T22:24:15","slug":"usted-vos-and-tu-in-costa-rica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sensorialsunsets.com\/en\/usted-vos-and-tu-in-costa-rica\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cUsted\u201d, \u201cVos\u201d and \u201cT\u00fa\u201d in Costa Rica"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Forms of address in Costa Rica : the use of \u201custed\u201d, \u201cvos\u201d and \u201ct\u00fa\u201d<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Although we share the same language throughout Hispanic America and Spain, it varies in many ways from country to country and from region to region. These variants are called “dialects”. There are, for example, Argentine, Mexican, Chilean or Costa Rican dialects. They also present differences in some areas. In Spain, for example, it is spoken differently in Madrid and in Andaluc\u00eda; in Costa Rica we have clearly defined a Central Plateau dialect and another one of the regions of Guanacaste and Puntarenas. Dialectal variations can include vocabulary, phonetics and grammar.<\/p>\n\n

Let’s recall that in Spanish there are three grammatical persons, singular and plural; some have feminine gender. The first person is <\/span>yo<\/span><\/i> (the speaker); the second person (the receiver) can be <\/span>t\u00fa<\/span><\/i>, <\/span>vos<\/span><\/i> or <\/span>usted<\/span><\/i> and the third person (the one being spoken about) is <\/span>\u00e9l<\/span><\/i> or <\/span>ella<\/span><\/i>. These three persons, in plural, are: <\/span>nosotros<\/span><\/i> (masculine) and<\/span> nosotras<\/span><\/i> (feminine) (first person), <\/span>vosotros<\/span><\/i>\/<\/span>vosotras<\/span><\/i> and <\/span>ustedes<\/span><\/i> (second person) and <\/span>ellos\/ellas<\/span><\/i> (third person).<\/span><\/p>\n\n

As for the second person (singular or plural), there are forms of treatment of “trust” and “respect”, depending on the receiver.\u00a0 When the receiver is a person of trust, <\/span>t\u00fa<\/span><\/i> or <\/span>vos<\/span><\/i> is used depending on the dialect, and when the receiver is someone of respect, <\/span>usted<\/span><\/i> is used. In the plural, the forms corresponding to the treatment of confidence are <\/span>vosotros<\/span><\/i> (you) and to the treatment of respect, <\/span>ustedes<\/span><\/i> (you).<\/span><\/p>\n\n

In Costa Rica: \u201cUsted\u201d, \u201cVos\u201d and \u201cT\u00fa\u201d<\/h2>\n\n

The use of\u00a0 vos <\/em>in Costa Rica<\/h2>\n\n

In Costa Rica, a dialectal characteristic of grammatical type is the use of the pronoun \u201c<\/span>vos<\/span><\/i>\u201d, instead of \u201c<\/span>t\u00fa<\/span><\/i>\u201d for the second person singular of trust. This is called \u201cvoseo\u201d. Talking as <\/span>vos<\/span><\/i> to the receiver has been part of the Costa Rican\u2019s cultural identity; this is an use that occurs in all social classes and in the cultured norm.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

The cultured norm is the way of speaking of educated people, in any dialect; it is the one of prestige and the one used by academics, professionals and the media.<\/p>\n\n

\u00a0T\u00fa<\/h2>\n\n

\u00a0In spite of the fact that, in general, Costa Ricans consider that <\/span>voseo<\/span><\/i> is their own and it identifies them, some people -especially young people- have begun to use <\/span>tuteo<\/span><\/i> (talking as t\u00fa) in the country. This happens, possibly, because of the influence of television (soap operas and series dubbed in <\/span>tuteantes<\/span><\/i> countries), movies or radio, because of snobbery or because they consider <\/span>tuteo<\/span><\/i> to be more elegant and polite; those who use it feel different or important.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u00a0Like <\/span>t\u00fa<\/span><\/i>, <\/span>vos<\/span><\/i> is used when the receiver is someone you trust (friend, classmate, colleague, person of the same age). However, it\u2019s common in our country to use <\/span>usted<\/span><\/i> (second person singular of respect) to address the boyfriend, husband, parents, children and siblings, babies and small children, and pets. For example: “No llore, mi chiquito; ya le doy la lechita” (Don\u2019t cry, my little boy; I\u2019ll give you the milk) or “Lorita, deme la patica” (Lorita, give me your paw). With these people and pets, there\u2019s a lot of trust and it would be expected that the <\/span>vos<\/span><\/i> would be used since, in <\/span>tuteantes<\/span><\/i> countries, the <\/span>t\u00fa<\/span><\/i> is normally used with them.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

Usted<\/h2>\n\n

In these cases, in Costa Rica a <\/span>usted<\/span><\/i> is used, which can be considered a respectful affection and not a formal distance, as when the wife asks her husband: <\/span>\u201cMi amor, recoja usted a Dani en la escuela, por favor\u201d <\/span>(My love, please pick up Dani at school). The treatment of <\/span>usted<\/span><\/i> is also used with strangers, hierarchical superiors and people of greater age, regardless of social class; it is combined, then, with the use of “don” (Mr.) and “do\u00f1a” (Mrs.). To the gardener we would say: “Don Manuel, si\u00e9mbreme esta begonia aqu\u00ed, por favor\u201d (Don Manuel, please plant this begonia here).<\/span><\/p>\n\n

Vosotros\/ Ustedes<\/h2>\n\n

Vosotros<\/span><\/i> and <\/span>vosotras<\/span><\/i> (second person plural) are not used in America as the forms of address of trust corresponding to the <\/span>t\u00fa <\/span><\/i>from Spain. The only pronoun used is <\/span>ustedes<\/span><\/i>, both for respect and trust. Thus, instead of, \u201c\u00bfD\u00f3nde estudiar\u00e9is?\u201d (Where will you study?), in Costa Rica and in the other American dialects we would say, \u201c\u00bfD\u00f3nde estudiar\u00e1n ustedes?\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

\"voseo-sensorial-sunsets\"
Usted, vos y t\u00fa- Photo: remezcla<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

On the New Use of Tuteo in Costa Rica and Conjugation Errors<\/h2>\n\n

“Usted”, “vos” and\u00a0 “t\u00fa” in Costa Rica<\/em><\/p>\n\n

Vos<\/span><\/i> has its special verb forms in all tenses and modes in the present tense, but for the past and future tenses, the same forms are used as for <\/span>t\u00fa<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

For example, in the present tense (indicative, subjunctive and imperative):<\/p>\n\n

“Vos cant\u00e1s boleros muy bien” (You sing boleros very well), “Quiero que cant\u00e9s en la fiesta” (I want you to sing at the party), “Cant\u00e1 ahora” (Sing now).<\/p>\n\n

In the past tense: \u201c\u00bfVos cantaste (t\u00fa cantaste) en esa reuni\u00f3n?\u201d (Did you sing at that meeting?), \u201cVos cantabas (t\u00fa cantabas) en un coro, \u00bfverdad?\u201d (You sang (you sang) in a choir, didn’t you?).<\/p>\n\n

In the future tense: “Vos cantar\u00e1s (t\u00fa cantar\u00e1s) en ese programa de televisi\u00f3n!” (You will sing on that TV show!)<\/p>\n\n

A misuse currently heard among Costa Ricans trying to talk about <\/span>t\u00fa<\/span><\/i> is the mixing of verb forms in the same sentence.\u00a0 They combine verbs conjugated with <\/span>t\u00fa<\/span><\/i>, with verbs conjugated with <\/span>vos<\/span><\/i>, and even with <\/span>usted<\/span><\/i>:<\/span><\/p>\n\n

“Ven\u00ed para que me digas que va a traer usted a la fiesta” (Come and tell me what you are bringing to the party) or “\u00bfC\u00f3mo est\u00e1s, mae? Yo bien, \u00bfy t\u00fa?; \u00bfc\u00f3mo se siente despu\u00e9s de la operaci\u00f3n?” (How are you, mae? I’m fine, how are you; how do you feel after the operation?)<\/p>\n\n

In the School System<\/h2>\n\n

Until a few years ago, in the Costa Rican school system, only <\/span>t\u00fa<\/span><\/i> and <\/span>vosotros <\/span><\/i>verbs were taught; even though they were never used in the spoken language, students learned to write them. For this reason, people who always spoke of <\/span>vos<\/span><\/i>, wrote with the forms of <\/span>t\u00fa<\/span><\/i>. Nowadays, <\/span>voseo<\/span><\/i> is taught to be written and many advertisements and dialogues in stories and novels present it.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

<\/p>\n\n

Author<\/strong>: Gilda Rosa Arguedas Cort\u00e9s\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> \n \nLinguist; retired professor at the University of Costa Rica.<\/span> \n \nsirio1047@yahoo.com<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n

References<\/h2>\n\n
\r\n
https:\/\/rubjimal.wordpress.com\/2009\/02\/10\/%C2%BFpor-que-voseamos-anoso-el-uso-del-pronombre-%E2%80%98vos%E2%80%99-en-el-habla-de-costa-rica-tiene-una-larga-y-curiosa-historia\/<\/div><\/figure>\n\n

\u00a0<\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Forms of address in Costa Rica : the use of \u201custed\u201d, \u201cvos\u201d and \u201ct\u00fa\u201d Although we share the same language throughout Hispanic America and Spain, it varies in many ways from country to country and from region to region. These variants are called “dialects”. There are, for example, Argentine, Mexican, Chilean or Costa Rican dialects. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":3427,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[98,106,171],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3469","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-costa-rica-en","category-culture-en","category-linguistics"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u201cUsted\u201d, \u201cVos\u201d and \u201cT\u00fa\u201d in Costa Rica - SensorialSunsets<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Traditionally in Costa Rica "usted" and "vos" are used. 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