{"id":1544,"date":"2022-04-18T23:00:35","date_gmt":"2022-04-18T23:00:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sensorialsunsets.com\/?p=1544"},"modified":"2022-06-01T17:07:23","modified_gmt":"2022-06-01T17:07:23","slug":"le-processus-electoral-au-costa-rica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sensorialsunsets.com\/fr\/le-processus-electoral-au-costa-rica\/","title":{"rendered":"Le processus \u00e9lectoral au Costa Rica"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Les processus de vote pour les \u00e9lections varient dans chaque nation en fonction de la consolidation de l\u2019\u00c9tat. En effet, il existe des nations qui n\u2019ont pas la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019exercer le droit de vote. Cette question d\u00e9coule pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment de la mani\u00e8re dont le pouvoir a \u00e9t\u00e9 consolid\u00e9 sur un territoire donn\u00e9, ce que l\u2019on appelle la forme de gouvernement d\u2019un \u00c9tat.<\/p>\n\n<p>La lutte pour le suffrage varie d\u2019un pays \u00e0 l\u2019autre, et il y a seulement 72 ans que les femmes costariciennes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 autoris\u00e9es \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme des citoyennes votantes (1949), afin qu\u2019elles puissent avoir le m\u00eame droit que les hommes. De m\u00eame, en 1971, une r\u00e9forme a proclam\u00e9 dans l\u2019article 90 de la Constitution, qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge de 18 ans, la personne inscrite au registre de l\u2019\u00e9tat civil pourrait voter lors des \u00e9lections.&#13;\n&#13;\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/xwA7h2vRxOTG2SRGEDHxNNOo9E3fsZzv8mYAS2a1Fq-DJmAqtGZIWzq4M_ydyGBdNAMGIwxMrvvFUV-S7WAjzX5Vehd3Lz2UmdZOBdF33biYTSiyLVsXqlMbr7YGrw\" alt=\"Image\" width=\"211\" height=\"273\"\/><\/p>\n\n<p>Le Costa Rica est une R\u00e9publique unitaire, d\u00e9mocratique, libre et ind\u00e9pendante (selon l\u2019article 1 de la Constitution politique). Par cons\u00e9quent, la consolidation d\u2019un gouvernement \u00e9lu par le peuple est \u00e9tablie dans de nombreux autres articles ; de cette fa\u00e7on, le respect de la souverainet\u00e9 de la nation est vis\u00e9. Comment ? Celle-ci est consolid\u00e9e par un syst\u00e8me pr\u00e9sidentiel comme forme de gouvernement. En outre, l\u2019\u00e9lection d\u2019un candidat \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence n\u2019est pas la seule option de vote dont disposent les citoyens. Les membres de l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e l\u00e9gislative sont \u00e9galement choisis lors du processus \u00e9lectoral (la forme d\u2019\u00c9tat du Costa Rica \u00e9tant \u00e0 trois pouvoirs). <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>\u00ab\u00a0Le Costa Rica est une R\u00e9publique unitaire, d\u00e9mocratique, libre et ind\u00e9pendante (selon l\u2019article 1 de la Constitution politique). Par cons\u00e9quent, la consolidation d\u2019un gouvernement \u00e9lu par le peuple est \u00e9tablie dans de nombreux autres articles ; de cette mani\u00e8re, le respect de la souverainet\u00e9 de la nation est voulu.\u00a0\u00bb<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Quels sont les \u00e9l\u00e9ments qui influencent le processus \u00e9lectoral au Costa Rica ?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>La Nation dispose d\u2019une entit\u00e9 administrative appel\u00e9e Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones (TSE), n\u00e9e de la guerre civile de 1948, et \u00e9tablie par l\u2019article 9 de la Constitution. Cet organe fonctionne ind\u00e9pendamment des trois pouvoirs et sa mission est de garantir le suffrage dans le pays.<\/p>\n\n<p>Par cons\u00e9quent, le TSE a \u00e9t\u00e9 charg\u00e9 de d\u00e9velopper le processus des \u00e9lections pr\u00e9sidentielles, des l\u00e9gislateurs, et d\u2019autres qui sont inclus dans le droit de vote et le processus dit \u00e9lectoral. Cet organisme a \u00e9labor\u00e9 une r\u00e9glementation conforme aux principes constitutionnels pour les processus de candidature \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence, le lancement des campagnes et les autres processus li\u00e9s au suffrage.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Comment se d\u00e9roule le processus?\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>Toutes les personnes ayant la qualit\u00e9 de citoyen, \u00e2g\u00e9es de plus de 18 ans et inscrites sur une liste \u00e9lectorale peuvent exercer le vote secret, libre et direct dans leur centre de vote respectif le jour fix\u00e9 pour les \u00e9lections ; il s\u2019agit g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement du premier dimanche de f\u00e9vrier. Les options suivantes sont possibles : vote pour, vote contre, vote nul (par exemple, voter pour les deux), vote blanc (le papier blanc est d\u00e9pos\u00e9) et abstention ; toutes ces formes constituent le fameux \u00ab droit de vote \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n<p>En fonction du nombre de candidats et de leurs votes, un nouveau pr\u00e9sident est d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le jour m\u00eame par le TSE. Dans le cas contraire, il y a un second tour \u00e9lectoral (appel\u00e9 balotaje). Il convient de noter que les candidats aux postes de membres de l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e l\u00e9gislative ne peuvent \u00eatre \u00e9lus qu\u2019au premier tour.<\/p>\n\n<p>Apr\u00e8s le second tour, les types de votes sont compt\u00e9s et le TSE d\u00e9clare l\u2019\u00e9lection populaire du candidat ayant obtenu le plus de votes (mais il doit d\u00e9passer 40%). Ensuite, une date est fix\u00e9e pour\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sensorialsunsets.com\/fr\/passation-de-pouvoir-2022-au-costa-rica-une-ceremonie-simple-sans-la-presence-du-peuple-costaricien\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">le transfert des pouvoirs<\/a>\u00a0et, en outre, le changement des membres de l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e l\u00e9gislative. De cette fa\u00e7on, un nouveau cycle gouvernemental commence pour une p\u00e9riode de 4 ans.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>A RETENIR<\/strong>&#13;\n&#13;\n\u00a0&#13;\n&#13;\n. Le processus \u00e9lectoral varie pour chaque pays en fonction de la forme de gouvernement et de la consolidation de l\u2019\u00c9tat qu\u2019il poss\u00e8de.&#13;\n&#13;\n. Il y a seulement 72 ans, les femmes du Costa Rica ont pu exercer leur droit de vote.&#13;\n&#13;\n. La Constitution politique d\u00e9clare que le Costa Rica est une nation souveraine, libre, ind\u00e9pendante et d\u00e9mocratique, avec des gouvernements \u00e9lus par le peuple.&#13;\n&#13;\n. Il existe un Tribunal supr\u00eame \u00e9lectoral, qui est charg\u00e9 de superviser la proc\u00e9dure \u00e9lectorale, d\u2019\u00e9tablir les lignes directrices et la proc\u00e9dure, les limites et les garanties du processus.&#13;\n&#13;\n. Il faut avoir plus de 18 ans, \u00eatre inscrit sur le registre \u00e9lectoral, \u00eatre un citoyen pratiquant pour pouvoir voter, sous toutes ses formes autoris\u00e9es par la loi.&#13;\n&#13;\n. Il existe la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019un second tour pour \u00e9lire le Pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<p><strong>SOURCES:<\/strong>&#13;\n&#13;\n\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p>C\u00f3digo Electoral. (2009). Ley N\u00ba8765. Recuperado de: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tse.go.cr\/pdf\/normativa\/codigoel\">https:\/\/www.tse.go.cr\/pdf\/normativa\/codigoel<\/a>ectoral.pdf<\/p>\n\n<p>Espinoza, V. (23 de febrero, 2018). Requisitos para optar y ser elegido diputado. [www.elmundo.cr]. Recuperado de: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elmundo.cr\/opinion\/requisitos-optar-elegido-diputado\/\">https:\/\/www.elmundo.cr\/opinion\/requisitos-optar-elegido-diputado\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>Herrera, L. Villalobos, E. (2006). Sufragio y principio democr\u00e1tico: consideraciones sobre su existencia y vinculancia. [Revista de Derecho Electoral]. Recuperado de: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tse.go.cr\/revista\/art\/1\/herrerayvillalobos.pdf\">https:\/\/www.tse.go.cr\/revista\/art\/1\/herrerayvillalobos.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. (2017). Proceso Electoral Costarricense. Instituto de Formaci\u00f3n y Estudios en Democracia. Recuperado de:\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tse.go.cr\/pdf\/ifed\/procesos_electorales.pdf\">https:\/\/www.tse.go.cr\/pdf\/ifed\/procesos_electorales.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Auteure<\/strong>: Sof\u00eda Poveda Garro&#13;\n&#13;\n\u00a0&#13;\n&#13;\n\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p>sofiapovedagarro@gmail.com<\/p>\n\n<p>\u00c9tudiante en droit \u2013 Universit\u00e9 du Costa Rica<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les processus de vote pour les \u00e9lections varient dans chaque nation en fonction de la consolidation de l\u2019\u00c9tat. En effet, il existe des nations qui n\u2019ont pas la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019exercer le droit de vote. Cette question d\u00e9coule pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment de la mani\u00e8re dont le pouvoir a \u00e9t\u00e9 consolid\u00e9 sur un territoire donn\u00e9, ce que l\u2019on appelle [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":1538,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[114,115],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1544","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-costa-rica-fr-2","category-politique-fr-2"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Le processus \u00e9lectoral au Costa Rica - SensorialSunsets<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le processus \u00e9lectoral au Costa Rica est r\u00e9gi par le TCI et se d\u00e9roule tous les 4 ans. 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