{"id":2705,"date":"2022-07-17T02:20:47","date_gmt":"2022-07-17T02:20:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sensorialsunsets.com\/defis-du-systeme-educatif-au-costa-rica\/"},"modified":"2022-07-17T02:20:48","modified_gmt":"2022-07-17T02:20:48","slug":"defis-du-systeme-educatif-au-costa-rica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sensorialsunsets.com\/fr\/defis-du-systeme-educatif-au-costa-rica\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00e9fis du syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif au Costa Rica"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Le syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif du Costa Rica est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs d\u00e9fis<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n

Lorsque le Costa Rica a supprim\u00e9 l’arm\u00e9e, il a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d’allouer \u00e0 l’\u00e9ducation le budget qui allait auparavant \u00e0 l’arm\u00e9e. Pour cette raison, l’\u00e9ducation au Costa Rica est class\u00e9e comme l’une des meilleures d’Am\u00e9rique latine. Le Costa Rica a l’un des taux d’alphab\u00e9tisation, de couverture \u00e9ducative et de d\u00e9penses publiques pour l’\u00e9ducation les plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s d’Am\u00e9rique latine.<\/p>\n\n

Le syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif au Costa Rica<\/strong><\/em><\/h2>\n\n

Il existe deux branches : l’enseignement public et l’enseignement priv\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

L’enseignement public au Costa Rica est divis\u00e9 en 4 niveaux principaux : pr\u00e9scolaire, primaire, secondaire et sup\u00e9rieur. Le syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif est r\u00e9gi par l’article 78 de la Constitution. L’enseignement pr\u00e9scolaire et l’enseignement g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de base sont obligatoires. Ceux-ci et l’enseignement diversifi\u00e9 dans le syst\u00e8me public sont gratuits et pay\u00e9s par l’\u00c9tat. La couverture \u00e9ducative est \u00e9lev\u00e9e : l’enseignement primaire est totalement universel, tandis que l’enseignement secondaire couvre plus de 70%.<\/p>\n\n

Niveaux du syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif au Costa Rica<\/strong><\/em><\/h2>\n\n

Le syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif costaricien est divis\u00e9 en 4 niveaux : pr\u00e9scolaire, primaire, secondaire et sup\u00e9rieur. L’enseignement g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de base est obligatoire et gratuit, et comprend 6 ans d’enseignement primaire et 3 ans d’enseignement secondaire.<\/p>\n\n

Enseignement primaire<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Les enfants, apr\u00e8s avoir termin\u00e9 l’\u00e9cole maternelle, poursuivent leur scolarit\u00e9 \u00e0 l’\u00e9cole primaire pendant une p\u00e9riode de 6 ans.<\/p>\n\n

Enseignement secondaire<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Il commence \u00e0 l’\u00e2ge de 12 ou 13 ans. \u00c0 la fin de l’enseignement secondaire, l’objectif est que l’\u00e9l\u00e8ve d\u00e9veloppe des comp\u00e9tences, des valeurs et des attitudes suffisantes pour jouer un bon r\u00f4le dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. La moiti\u00e9 des ann\u00e9es d’enseignement secondaire au Costa Rica appartiennent au 3\u00e8me cycle de l’\u00e9ducation de base g\u00e9n\u00e9rale (de la 7\u00e8me \u00e0 la 9\u00e8me ann\u00e9e) ; le reste appartient \u00e0 l’\u00e9ducation diversifi\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n

Enseignement diversifi\u00e9<\/strong><\/em><\/h2>\n\n

Le cycle d’enseignement diversifi\u00e9 constitue les 2 ou 3 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es de l’enseignement secondaire. Il n’est plus consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme obligatoire par l’\u00c9tat costaricien, mais il est gratuit. Elle commence normalement \u00e0 l’\u00e2ge de 16 ans.<\/p>\n\n

Lorsque l’on entre dans l’enseignement diversifi\u00e9, il existe plusieurs \u00e9tablissements dont la dur\u00e9e et l’approche p\u00e9dagogique diff\u00e8rent. Le module le plus courant dans tout le pays est l’enseignement acad\u00e9mique, qui dure 2 ans. Elle offre un enseignement dans un cadre scientifico-humaniste, en sciences et en litt\u00e9rature.<\/p>\n\n

En outre, on constate une importante prolif\u00e9ration de la modalit\u00e9 d’enseignement technique-professionnel, d’une dur\u00e9e plus longue (3 ans) et qui octroie une licence technico-m\u00e9dicale permettant de poursuivre une carri\u00e8re sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n

Enseignement sup\u00e9rieur<\/strong><\/em><\/h2>\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir obtenu son dipl\u00f4me d’\u00e9tudes secondaires, l’\u00e9tudiant peut entrer \u00e0 l’universit\u00e9. Il y a 5 universit\u00e9s publiques au Costa Rica, qui sont :<\/p>\n\n

Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Costa Rica (TEC), Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR), Universidad Nacional (UNA), Universidad T\u00e9cnica Nacional (UTN) et Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED).<\/p>\n\n

En outre, il existe plus de 50 universit\u00e9s priv\u00e9es. Il existe \u00e9galement des \u00ab\u00a0instituts\u00a0\u00bb tels que l’Instituto Nacional de Aprendizaje (INA).<\/p>\n\n

\"eleves-costa-rica-sensorial-sunsets\"
photo: El Norte Hoy CR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Les d\u00e9fis du syst\u00e8me d’\u00e9ducation publique au Costa Rica<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Cependant, bien qu’il soit l’un des meilleurs de la r\u00e9gion, le syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif costaricien est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs d\u00e9fis. C’est ce qu’indique le document \u00ab\u00a0Estado de la Educaci\u00f3n\u00a0\u00bb (\u00c9tat de l’\u00e9ducation), qui pr\u00e9cise que peu de soutien est apport\u00e9 tant aux \u00e9tudiants qu’aux enseignants. On constate \u00e9galement une perte de temps dans des activit\u00e9s sans rapport avec l’apprentissage et la pr\u00e9dominance des techniques d’enseignement traditionnelles. <\/p>\n\n

En effet, au Costa Rica, dans certains cas, le travail se fait encore selon des sch\u00e9mas d’enseignement traditionnels o\u00f9 la m\u00e9morisation de concepts est privil\u00e9gi\u00e9e par rapport \u00e0 la formation d’un esprit critique. En fait, le type d’examen pr\u00e9dominant ce sont les questions \u00e0 chox multiple, dont on sait qu’elles n’\u00e9valuent que la m\u00e9moire. \u00a0<\/p>\n\n

D’autre part, il y a peu de planification de ce qui est enseign\u00e9, peu de r\u00e9flexion sur la mani\u00e8re d’enseigner et \u00e9galement peu de place pour l’initiative de la part des enseignants, qui en plus d’avoir de longues heures (pr\u00e9paration, enseignement, \u00e9valuation, r\u00e9unions, t\u00e2ches administratives) ont souvent des groupes surcharg\u00e9s allant jusqu’\u00e0 30 ou 40 \u00e9l\u00e8ves par classe, r\u00e9duisant ainsi le temps que l’enseignant peut consacrer \u00e0 chaque \u00e9l\u00e8ve.<\/p>\n\n

Enfin, les programmes d’\u00e9tudes sont d\u00e9pass\u00e9s, ne correspondent pas \u00e0 la situation mondiale actuelle et ne sont pas adapt\u00e9s aux besoins du pays. Cette situation, aggrav\u00e9e par le manque d’utilisation des ressources technologiques en classe et la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 des infrastructures, fait que les conditions ne sont pas optimales pour l’apprentissage.<\/p>\n\n

C’est our ces raisons, les familles plus ais\u00e9es pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent inscrire leurs enfants dans des \u00e9coles publiques o\u00f9 les frais de scolarit\u00e9 et les droits d’inscription peuvent \u00eatre assez \u00e9lev\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n

<\/p>\n\n

Auteure<\/strong>: M. Barrantes pour Sensorial Sunsets<\/p>\n\n

<\/p>\n\n

Sources<\/h2>\n\n

https:\/\/estadonacion.or.cr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Educacion_WEB.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Photo: Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":2700,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[100,135],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2705","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-costa-rica-fr","category-education"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nD\u00e9fis du syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif au Costa Rica - SensorialSunsets<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif du Costa Rica est l'un des meilleurs d'Am\u00e9rique latine. 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