{"id":2887,"date":"2022-07-27T22:58:25","date_gmt":"2022-07-27T22:58:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sensorialsunsets.com\/la-defensoria-de-los-habitantes-ombudsman-du-costa-rica\/"},"modified":"2022-07-27T23:10:41","modified_gmt":"2022-07-27T23:10:41","slug":"la-defensoria-de-los-habitantes-ombudsman-du-costa-rica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sensorialsunsets.com\/fr\/la-defensoria-de-los-habitantes-ombudsman-du-costa-rica\/","title":{"rendered":"La Defensor\u00eda de los Habitantes (Ombudsman) du Costa Rica"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em><strong>La Defensor\u00eda de los Habitantes (m\u00e9diateur) d\u00e9fend les droits des habitants du Costa Rica au niveau public.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Un organe du pouvoir l\u00e9gislatif<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>La Defensor\u00eda est un organe de surveillance qui fait partie du pouvoir l\u00e9gislatif.\u00a0Il est responsable annuellement devant l&rsquo;Assembl\u00e9e l\u00e9gislative mais dispose d&rsquo;une ind\u00e9pendance administrative, fonctionnelle et de jugement.\u00a0Sa mission est de prot\u00e9ger les droits des habitants du Costa Rica contre les actions du secteur public. Elle n&rsquo;intervient pas dans les affaires priv\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n<p>Le dirigeant.e de cet organe est \u00e9lu \u00e0 la majorit\u00e9 des d\u00e9put\u00e9s pr\u00e9sents au moment du vote. L&rsquo;\u00e9lection a lieu tous les quatre ans et le m\u00e9diateur peut \u00eatre r\u00e9\u00e9lu.e pour un nouveau mandat.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Quel est son objectif ? <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>Selon la loi, l&rsquo;objectif de la Defensor\u00eda est de \u00ab\u00a0veiller \u00e0 ce que les activit\u00e9s du secteur public soient conformes \u00e0 la loi et \u00e0 la morale, de telle sorte que les droits et les int\u00e9r\u00eats des habitants soient toujours prot\u00e9g\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb.\u00a0La mission de la Defensor\u00eda est de prot\u00e9ger les habitants du Costa Rica contre les actions et omissions du secteur public, \u00e0 travers un contr\u00f4le de l\u00e9galit\u00e9, de justice et d&rsquo;\u00e9thique par le biais de la pr\u00e9vention, de la d\u00e9fense, de la promotion et de la diffusion de leurs droits et int\u00e9r\u00eats.<\/p>\n\n<p>Voici quelques-uns des pouvoirs de la Defensor\u00eda tels que dict\u00e9s par la loi :<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Elle peut initier, d&rsquo;office ou \u00e0 la demande d&rsquo;une partie, des enqu\u00eates pour clarifier des actions ou omissions mat\u00e9rielles dans l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 administrative du secteur public.\u00a0<\/li><li>Elle peut inspecter les bureaux publics afin de recevoir de leur part tous les documents et informations n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 l&rsquo;exercice de ses fonctions.<\/li><li>Tout agent public sans immunit\u00e9 peut \u00eatre cit\u00e9 \u00e0 compara\u00eetre. En cas de non-comparution, il est fait appel aux forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>Enfin, les prises de position \u00e9mises par la Defensor\u00eda n&rsquo;ont pas de valeur juridique. Cependant, le poids de l&rsquo;institution est suffisamment \u00e9lev\u00e9 pour pouvoir d\u00e9fendre efficacement les habitants.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sensorialsunsets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/descarga-4.jpg\" alt=\"pouvoir-l&#xE9;gislatif-costa-rica-sensoriel-sunsets\" class=\"wp-image-2883\" width=\"549\" height=\"411\"\/><figcaption>Pouvoir l\u00e9gislatif Costa Rica<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Historique du bureau du M\u00e9diateur (Ombudsman)<\/h2>\n\n<p>La figure du M\u00e9diateur ou Ombudsman est n\u00e9e en Su\u00e8de. D\u00e8s le d\u00e9part, la mission de ce m\u00e9diateur a \u00e9t\u00e9 d&rsquo;exercer une vigilance stricte pour assurer le respect des lois existantes et veiller \u00e0 ce que les agents publics remplissent leurs obligations. <\/p>\n\n<p>A l&rsquo;origine, le M\u00e9diateur \u00e9tait nomm\u00e9 directement par le roi. Cependant, \u00e0 la suite d&rsquo;une s\u00e9rie de soul\u00e8vements en Su\u00e8de en 1809, une nouvelle Constitution a \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9e, qui incluait dans l&rsquo;article 96 la nomination du M\u00e9diateur par le Parlement. <\/p>\n\n<p>Le M\u00e9diateur a \u00e9t\u00e9 introduit dans le syst\u00e8me finlandais.  Puis, au XXe si\u00e8cle, elle s&rsquo;est \u00e9tendue au reste des pays nordiques. Il a ensuite \u00e9t\u00e9 export\u00e9 en Nouvelle-Z\u00e9lande et dans les pays anglo-saxons ; il s&rsquo;est ensuite r\u00e9pandu en France et en Espagne et plus r\u00e9cemment au Costa Rica. Dans chaque cas, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 adapt\u00e9 aux exigences sp\u00e9cifiques du syst\u00e8me social, politique et juridique des pays qui l&rsquo;ont adopt\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le mandat controvers\u00e9 de l&rsquo;actuelle dirigeante de la Defensor\u00eda de los Habitantes<\/h2>\n\n<p>Le poste est actuellement occup\u00e9 par Catalina Crespo, qui ne se repr\u00e9sentera pas apr\u00e8s avoir fait l&rsquo;objet de critiques de la part de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile et administrative qui affirment que sa gestion figure parmi les pires de l&rsquo;histoire de l&rsquo;institution.<\/p>\n\n<p>Crespo a \u00e9t\u00e9 nomm\u00e9 en d\u00e9cembre 2018 par l&rsquo;Assembl\u00e9e pour un mandat de quatre ans. Au cours de son mandat, elle est sortie blanchie d&rsquo;une proc\u00e9dure de destitution au Congr\u00e8s, dont elle a fait l&rsquo;objet en 2020 pour des actions apparemment irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res. Elle a conserv\u00e9 son poste avec 36 voix pour et 12 contre.<\/p>\n\n<p>Les d\u00e9put\u00e9s ont enqu\u00eat\u00e9 sur elle, entre autres, pour la perte d&rsquo;un enregistrement d&rsquo;un entretien avec le pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique de l&rsquo;\u00e9poque, Carlos Alvarado, au sujet de l&rsquo;Unit\u00e9 pr\u00e9sidentielle d&rsquo;analyse des donn\u00e9es. En outre, elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 critiqu\u00e9e pour ne pas avoir inclus l&rsquo;ancien ministre de la pr\u00e9sidence, Rodolfo Piza, dans l&rsquo;enqu\u00eate.<\/p>\n\n<p>Pendant son mandat, la m\u00e9diatrice a \u00e9galement rompu un accord avec une organisation charg\u00e9e de la lutte contre le VIH et a ferm\u00e9 la clinique juridique qui fournissait des conseils juridiques gratuits aux pauvres au bureau du m\u00e9diateur, ce qui a suscit\u00e9 l&rsquo;agacement de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile et de l&rsquo;administration.<\/p>\n\n<p>De plus, Mme Crespo a ouvert la porte de l&rsquo;institution aux groupes anti-vaccins, qui promeuvent des revendications d&rsquo;implantation de puces ou de st\u00e9rilisation de masse. Cela a contribu\u00e9 encore davantage \u00e0 ternir son image, d\u00e9j\u00e0 bien d\u00e9grad\u00e9e .<\/p>\n\n<p>Face \u00e0 l&rsquo;interpellation de Mme Crespo par l&rsquo;Assembl\u00e9e l\u00e9gislative, la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration ib\u00e9ro-am\u00e9ricaine des ombudsmans a exprim\u00e9 sa \u00ab\u00a0profonde pr\u00e9occupation\u00a0\u00bb quant \u00e0 la situation de l&rsquo;ombudsman du Costa Rica, Catalina Crespo, qui fait face \u00e0 une audience de destitution convoqu\u00e9e par l&rsquo;Assembl\u00e9e l\u00e9gislative, et a demand\u00e9 en ce sens aux autorit\u00e9s costariciennes de \u00ab\u00a0garantir et respecter l&rsquo;accomplissement des principes d&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance et d&rsquo;autonomie dans le fonctionnement\u00a0\u00bb de cette organisation de d\u00e9fense des droits de l&rsquo;homme.<\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<p>Auteur : M. Barrantes pour Sensorial Sunsets<\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sources<\/h2>\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.portalfio.org\/noticias\/costa-rica-fio-situacion-defensoria\/\">http:\/\/www.portalfio.org\/noticias\/costa-rica-fio-situacion-defensoria\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dhr.go.cr\/\">https:\/\/www.dhr.go.cr\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La Defensor\u00eda de los Habitantes (m\u00e9diateur) d\u00e9fend les droits des habitants du Costa Rica au niveau public. Un organe du pouvoir l\u00e9gislatif La Defensor\u00eda est un organe de surveillance qui fait partie du pouvoir l\u00e9gislatif.\u00a0Il est responsable annuellement devant l&rsquo;Assembl\u00e9e l\u00e9gislative mais dispose d&rsquo;une ind\u00e9pendance administrative, fonctionnelle et de jugement.\u00a0Sa mission est de prot\u00e9ger les [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":2880,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[100,149,107],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2887","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-costa-rica-fr","category-institutions-fr","category-politique-fr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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